The Aggregation of matter in Open Space is entirely relevant to considerations of 'temperature and Space', not only from the obvious gravitational 'concerns', but also as for 'heat' to be 'conducted away' into Space there must be some 'contact' tween molecules. The measure of Heat is dependant on matter and with (as the median) One (1) molecule/particle per cubic metre there is not the opportunity for the process of Conduction to propagate Kinetic Energy in Open Space.
I have also mentioned that the output of Radiation (Photons) from our local Star (Sol) has been 'measured' well beyond the boundaries (as they are considered) of the local 'Solar System'. There is simply NOT enough Matter in Open Space to interact with these Photons in any more than an extremely minimal incidence rate. So 'Space' is 'cold' but is filled with Radiation (i.e. Photons' and thus does present Photonic Energy (discrete electromagnetic waves) as being present.
As Space IS considered to be a near perfect vacuum BY ITS OBSERVED behavior, there is little needing a 'proof' to made to the 'greenhouse platformers'. Kinetic Energy cannot enter 'Space' from a Planetary Atmosphere without that Atmosphere itself being 'shed' (thus needing WORK produced to oppose Gravity). The 'dissipation' of Kinetic Energy within the Earth's Biosphere is by, and within, the production of Turbulence and the WORK (against Gravity as ONE Example) produced by the processes of Turbulence placing into motion materials in, on and about the planetary surface.
Temperature is the measure of the intrinsic kinetic energy of material. IN a system with multiple materials in various 'state phases' where 'temperature' in a particular material is that residual to that material as there will also be Kinetic Energy involved in Conduction and Convection, processes initiated to produce the 'thermal (kinetic energy) equilibrium' sought by the collection of those materials in total regardless of 'state phase' (solid, liquid or Gas). The Kinetic Energy induced in the molecules of the materials within this planets biosphere from interaction with incident Photons (Radiation) is presented as a VELOCITY alteration to that molecular unit within the 'phase state' of the material it is encompassed within.
The production of Turbulence, as that expression of induced/conducted Kinetic Energy, that is PRODUCING the WORK (as defined in Physics) is NOT also measurable as a TEMPERATURE and hence Temperature IS a measure of the residual Kinetic Energy to the materials present that are being placed into motion. Hence the DEFORMATION of the SURFACE is produced and there isn't any reason to expect an 'infinite rise in temperature' for any 'Planet'. As such the EXTREME Turbulence on Venus is masking much more Kinetic Energy than is being inducted and the REAL level of Kinetic Induction within the Venus 'bio-systems'.
Without the induction of kinetic energy there is not any Energy being 'produced' as 'Heat' and the usual processes of conduction/convection will reduce, being most strongly detailed in their activity in DIFFERENTIALS of kinetic energy induction. So with the presence of an Atmosphere on Venus facilitating the conduction of heat more readily within the Gas and convection reducing, on the 'DARK SIDE' of Venus the measure of 'temperature' will 'increase' into a perceived 'overall persistence'. On the 'Dark Side' of Venus (at 'night') the small scale ('local') turbulence reduces (without the induction present in the 'day cycle') but the surface/atmosphere continues Conduction processes, 'transferring' Kinetic Energy to achieve the 'thermal equilibrium' the 'Laws of Thermodynamics' require.
- It is the production of Turbulence that details these extremes of Induction/Conduction of Kinetic Energy, NOT a measure of (residual) Temperature ...
- Notice the material in the link I give regarding 'Venus':-
http://www-ssc.igpp.ucla.edu/personnel/russell/papers/venus_mag/
(with all thanks and notice to the author and references there in included).
Realise that the Earth travels through space with a little 'trailing tail', with the 'gases' of that being retained by the interactions of the Planetary Magnetic Field, Radiation and the upper edges of the Atmosphere. Without Gravity (produced from the aggregation of Matter) and the Planetary Magnetic Field. This 'Planetary Tail' would be lost constantly from many other situations in play constantly, perhaps 'blown away' by the 'Solar Wind' or just left behind due to constantly altering velocity vectors of the Earth's motion to produce it's 'Orbital Path' or some combination of these and other 'forces', until there was little to no atmosphere remaining....all needing more *'Mission Time'* for determinations to be made.
HOWEVER, realise that one 'concept' to explain the 'atmospheric density' of Venus was proposing that the 'present' atmosphere is a production of the reaction to the loss of the original 'atmosphere' as the Planetary Magnetic field reduced to it's present 'practically nil' levels. The RAPIDITY of that 'field reduction' (*still needing 'mission time' for determinations*) if sufficiently 'rapid' would create a 'pressure boil' and increase 'atmospheric density'. The greater 'atmospheric density', due to larger molecules perhaps or simply 'more molecules' (*needing 'mission time' for determinations*) is then able to support higher residual measures of kinetic energy. That is the atmosphere would be able to support and then display as 'its measure' a 'higher temperature'.
When it is noticed that Venus is potentially losing its Atmosphere at a rate related to overall gravity well determinations and the Atmospheric density is due to loss of a planetary 'magnetic dipole' and relationship is made to the notice of which 'Planets' in this Solar System present 'Earth-like Dipoles' the CONTINUANCE of 'life as we know it' is NOT in any study of a supposed 'greenhouse effect' or even other Planets and their Atmospheres.
- The study needed to protect 'life as we know it' in it's persistence is in the study the Planetary Dipole and the PRODUCTION of that Dipole in it's process and continuance, NOT in any supposed 'greenhouse effect'.
Your's,
Peter K. Anderson a.k.a. Hartlod(tm)
From the PC of Peter K Anderson
E-Mail: Hartlod@bigpond.com
4 comments:
Some enquiry has indicated a little further explanation might be in order. There is much more needing to be realised about this Planets 'uniqueness' (which is not inclusive of any supposed 'greenhouse effect') or from generalised claims requiring that the 'environment needs protection from ourselves' with some 'lobby point' trailing after.
The 'terrestrial reforming' of Venus and Mars is near a pointless consideration due the LACK of suitable Dipoles to RETAIN any atmosphere that might be created.
Notice again the material in the link I give regarding 'Venus':- http://www-ssc.igpp.ucla.edu/personnel/russell/papers/venus_mag/
(with all thanks and notice to the author and references there in included).
The study needed to protect 'life as we know it' in it's persistence is in the study the Planetary Dipole and the PRODUCTION of that Dipole in it's process and continuance. It is this process that retains the atmosphere in the manner 'we have grown accustomed to). Without the persistence of the Dipole, atmospheric gases will bleed into Open Space from the 'tail' of the orbiting planet. The reduction in atmospheric pressure (due to mass loss) will create pressure induced evaporation and if this effect was sufficiently rapid, a liquid 'boil' of gas escaping to the atmosphere, then to Space. This planet would end looking 'like Venus'...and perhaps eventually being a 'copy' of the presently observed situation on Venus.
To reprise:-
-----
Realise that the Earth travels through space with a little 'trailing tail', with the 'gases' within being retained by this Planet due to those interactions of the Planetary Magnetic Field, incident Energy from Solar Radiation and the upper edges of the Atmosphere. Without the effects of the there-by produced 'ambient Plasma' along with Gravity this 'Planetary Tail' would be lost constantly from effects of many situations also 'in play' constantly, perhaps 'blown away' by the 'Solar Wind' or just left behind due to constantly altering velocity vectors of the Earth's 'Orbital motion, or some combination of these and other 'forces'.
Realise also that one 'concept' to explain the 'atmospheric density' of Venus was proposing that the 'present' atmosphere of Venus is a production of the reaction to the loss of the 'original atmosphere' as the Planetary Magnetic field reduced to it's present 'practically nil' levels (see above link). The RAPIDITY of that 'field reduction' could, if sufficiently 'rapid', create a 'pressure boil' and the 'new material' could easily increased 'atmospheric density' (due to larger molecules perhaps or simply 'more molecules'). This new 'denser' atmosphere is then able to support higher residual measures of kinetic energy, i.e. the observed 'present' Atmosphere of Venus would be able to support and then display in its 'residual measure' a 'higher temperature'. Greater Turbulence is also observed as the 'total kinetic energy' loaded into the 'present biosphere' of Venus is far greater than the 'temperature' indicates.
Venus is potentially losing its Atmosphere at a rate related to overall gravity well determinations whilst the Atmospheric density is related to loss of a past planetary 'magnetic dipole'.
Relationships need to be realised AND noticed of which 'Planets' in this Solar System present 'Earth-like Dipoles'. The CONTINUANCE of 'life as we know it' is NOT in any study of a supposed 'greenhouse effect' or even other Planets and their Atmospheres. The study needed to protect 'life as we know it' in it's persistence is in the study the Planetary Dipole and the PRODUCTION of that Dipole in it's process and continuance.
The 'terrestrial reforming' of Venus and Mars is near a pointless consideration due the LACK of suitable Dipoles to facilitate the RETENTION of any Atmosphere that might be created by such processes.
Your's,
Peter K. Anderson a.k.a. Hartlod(tm)
From the PC of Peter K Anderson
E-Mail: Hartlod@bigpond.com
With regard to my previous effort to discuss the interposing situation of the Planetary Dipole please notice that "cosmic rays" are NOT photons, i.e. radiation presenting Energy as a discrete electromagnetic field.
The "cosmic ray" is generally a high energy ion, the residual nuclei of atoms.
See (with all due regard & credit to the author):- http://www.srl.caltech.edu/personnel/dick/cos_encyc.html
Notice that from the above COMMONLY KNOWN "source material":-
--
["Cosmic rays were discovered in 1912 by Victor Hess, when he found that an electroscope discharged more rapidly as he ascended in a balloon. He attributed this to a source of radiation entering the atmosphere from above, and in 1936 was awarded the Nobel prize for his discovery.
For some time it was believed that the radiation was electromagnetic in nature (hence the name cosmic "rays"), and some textbooks still incorrectly include cosmic rays as part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
However, during the 1930's it was found that cosmic rays must be electrically charged because they are affected by the Earth's magnetic field."]
--
Having found the "greenhouse pyramid" to be OVERFLOWING with those textbooks that do ["incorrectly include cosmic rays as part of the electromagnetic spectrum"] it is simply that the EQUATIONS & THEORY then proceeded to be USED is NOT APPLICABLE.
So it is that not only will those numbers originating from the {greenhouse platform} will not be of any valid "reference" to WHAT IS (actual).
Notice especially:-
--
["Cosmic Ray Composition: Cosmic rays include essentially all of the elements in the periodic table; about 89% of the nuclei are hydrogen (protons), 10% helium, and about 1% heavier elements. The common heavier elements (such as carbon, oxygen, magnesium, silicon, and iron) are present in about the same relative abundances as in the solar system, but there are important differences in elemental and isotopic composition that provide information on the origin and history of galactic cosmic rays. For example there is a significant overabundance of the rare elements Li, Be, and B produced when heavier cosmic rays such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen fragment into lighter nuclei during collisions with the interstellar gas. The isotope 22Ne is also overabundant, showing that the nucleosynthesis of cosmic rays and solar system material have differed. Electrons constitute about 1% of galactic cosmic rays. It is not known why electrons are apparently less efficiently accelerated than nuclei."]
--
Then with my previous mentions of the Planetary Dipole:-
--
["Cosmic Rays in the Galaxy: Because cosmic rays are electrically charged they are deflected by magnetic fields, and their directions have been randomized, making it impossible to tell where they originated.
However, cosmic rays in other regions of the Galaxy can be traced by the electromagnetic radiation they produce. Supernova remnants such as the Crab Nebula are known to be a source of cosmic rays from the radio synchrotron radiation emitted by cosmic ray electrons spiraling in the magnetic fields of the remnant.
In addition, observations of high energy (10 MeV - 1000 MeV) gamma rays resulting from cosmic ray collisions with interstellar gas show that most cosmic rays are confined to the disk of the Galaxy, presumably by its magnetic field.
Similar collisions of cosmic ray nuclei produce lighter nuclear fragments, including radioactive isotopes such as 10Be, which has a half-life of 1.6 million years. The measured amount of 10Be in cosmic rays implies that, on average, cosmic rays spend about 10 million years in the Galaxy before escaping into inter-galactic space."]
--
&
--
["The Sun is also a sporadic source of cosmic ray nuclei and electrons that are accelerated by shock waves travelling through the corona, and by magnetic energy released in solar flares.
During such occurrences the intensity of energetic particles in space can increase by a factor of 102 to 106 for hours to days. Such solar particle events are much more frequent during the active phase of the solar cycle.
The maximum energy reached in solar particle events is typically 10 to 100 MeV, occasionally reaching 1 GeV (roughly once a year) to 10 GeV (roughly once a decade). Solar energetic particles can be used to measure the elemental and isotopic composition of the Sun, thereby complementing spectroscopic studies of solar material."]
--
Notice that the "flux" is noticed in eV & is comprised of ions.
PS:-
ANY REAL PROBLEM from "greenhouse gases" could have been SIGNIFICANTLY reduced by the wide spread use of Tidal Station Generation Utilities.
This could have been done YEARS ago...if there WAS a problem.
HOWEVER doing such would have REMOVED the "issue" of "global warming" & SO the "greenhouse fiscal pyramid" has resolved to AVOID obvious repairs AS a "problem" that did exist would require. This is to prolong the talkfesting, the "bread & butter" activity of the "greenhouse pyramid"...
Yours,
Peter K. Anderson a.k.a. Hartlod(TM)
E-Mail: Hartlod@bigpond.com
(*)- http://hartlod.blogspot.com/
(**)- http://hartlodsgallery.blogspot.com/
In regard further to comments sent privately to me, please notice again that "heat" does NOT leave the star Sol.
RADIATION propagates through space...along with a variant Flux of Ions as the "output" of our local star Sol.
Neither is "Heat" or "Cosmic Rays" any form of Radiation or in any manner a portion of the overall Electro-magnetic Spectrum.
As I have previously mentioned there is a rather POOR attention to such Topics of Physics plaguing "climatology" & "greenhouse science" especially within which discussion is "narrowed" often to avoid notice (in {THEIR} proximity) such information that is otherwise widely "noticed & know" & as I have mentioned here to again.
Notice again from http://www.srl.caltech.edu/personnel/dick/cos_encyc.html (all due notice & credit to the author):-
--
[" In addition, observations of high energy (10 MeV - 1000 MeV) gamma rays resulting from cosmic ray collisions with interstellar gas show that most cosmic rays are confined to the disk of the Galaxy, presumably by its magnetic field.
Similar collisions of cosmic ray nuclei produce lighter nuclear fragments, including radioactive isotopes such as 10Be, which has a half-life of 1.6 million years. The measured amount of 10Be in cosmic rays implies that, on average, cosmic rays spend about 10 million years in the Galaxy before escaping into inter-galactic space..."]
--
&
--
["The Sun is also a sporadic source of cosmic ray nuclei and electrons that are accelerated by shock waves travelling through the corona, and by magnetic energy released in solar flares.
During such occurrences the intensity of energetic particles in space can increase by a factor of 102 to 106 for hours to days. Such solar particle events are much more frequent during the active phase of the solar cycle.
The maximum energy reached in solar particle events is typically 10 to 100 MeV, occasionally reaching 1 GeV (roughly once a year) to 10 GeV (roughly once a decade)...
--
Then notice that the Atmosphere of this Planet is a Gas of diminishing density AWAY from the Planetary surface & that ["high energy (10 MeV - 1000 MeV) gamma rays result from cosmic ray collisions with interstellar gas"].
Thus sudden alteration to the Planetary Dipole within unfortunately timed "Solar behaviours" would most likely see the Planetary Surface "flooded" with Gamma, X-Ray & an increased intensity in U-V spectrum Radiation...all produced from "our own" Atmosphere.
The concepts involving of "cosmic ray electrons" linked as "condensation nuclei" with some relation to water clouds overlooks the paucity of Electrons presented in the "Ion Flux" (~1%) that is "cosmic rays" & the very Planetary Dipole that shields the Planetary Surface.
To Example a situation:-
***
A low density comet strike COULD disrupt BOTH Atmosphere & Dipole. A smaller comet hitting Earth than hit Venus COULD have been the extinction event that "struck down" the dinosaurs. Venus was unable to recover, or perhaps has not had the time (less likely) to do so.
***
At issue is the behavior of the Planetary Dipole & any real potential for alterations of some unusual manner, with the ionic flux (of "cosmic rays") interactions with the rather strong Magnetic Field Earth just happens to possess otherwise needing detailed study. What I mention then (& again) is:-
**
The study needed to protect 'life as we know it' in it's persistence is in the study of the Planetary Dipole of this Planet, the PRODUCTION of that Dipole in both it's processes, production AND continuance, NOT in any atmospheric study involving a supposed 'greenhouse effect'.
**
AS, & to summarise the situation:-
--_--
[..."The Sun is also a sporadic source of cosmic ray nuclei and electrons...such occurrences the intensity of energetic particles in space can increase by a factor of 102 to 106 for hours to days...event is typically 10 to 100 MeV, occasionally reaching 1 GeV (roughly once a year) to 10 GeV (roughly once a decade)..."].
Otherwise, if not so deflected & as the Atmosphere is transparent near totally to such radiation as would be produced, Surface Life as it is observed would be far different than it is NOW.
--_--
Yours,
Peter K. Anderson a.k.a. Hartlod(TM)
E-Mail: Hartlod@bigpond.com
(*)- http://hartlod.blogspot.com/
(**)- http://hartlodsgallery.blogspot.com/
SUN'S WILD MAGNETISM
Notice (from today's newspaper):-
--
SUN'S WILD MAGNETISM
Washington:
X-RAY images taken by an international spacecraft show the Sun's magnetic field is more turbulent than scientists knew, NASA reported yesterday.
They saw twisting plumes of gas rising from the Sun's Corona & reacting with the star's magnetic field, a process that releases energy & may power solar storms that in turn affect Earth.
"Theorists suggested twisted, tangled magnetic fields might exist" US astrophysicist Leon Golub said. "We can see them clearly for the first time."
---
Notice that the Gas will contribute to "cosmic ray" nuclei, directed by the Magnetic Fields (twisting or not).
Notice that the energy will be as Photons AS THE IMAGERY is made in the X-RAY spectrum.
THEN NOTICE please AGAIN what I have been mentioning, from even before Tue Aug 2006, so to start a discussion:-
--
Post subject: The Dipole Dilemma...
Notice the material in the link I give regarding 'Venus':-
http://www-ssc.igpp.ucla.edu/personnel/russell/papers/venus_mag/
(with all thanks and notice to the author and references there in included).
Realise that the Earth travels through space with a little 'trailing tail', with the 'gases' of that being retained by the interactions of the Planetary Magnetic Field, Radiation and the upper edges of the Atmosphere. Without Gravity (produced from the aggregation of Matter) and the Planetary Magnetic Field. This 'Planetary Tail' would be lost constantly from many other situations in play constantly, perhaps 'blown away' by the 'Solar Wind' or just left behind due to constantly altering velocity vectors of the Earth's motion to produce it's 'Orbital Path' or some combination of these and other 'forces', until there was little to no atmosphere remaining....all needing more *'Mission Time'* for determinations to be made.
HOWEVER, realise that one 'concept' to explain the 'atmospheric density' of Venus was proposing that the 'present' atmosphere is a production of the reaction to the loss of the original 'atmosphere' as the Planetary Magnetic field reduced to it's present 'practically nil' levels. The RAPIDITY of that 'field reduction' (*still needing 'mission time' for determinations*) if sufficiently 'rapid' would create a 'pressure boil' and increase 'atmospheric density'. The greater 'atmospheric density', due to larger molecules perhaps or simply 'more molecules' (*needing 'mission time' for determinations*) is then able to support higher residual measures of kinetic energy. That is the atmosphere would be able to support and then display as 'its measure' a 'higher temperature'.
When it is noticed that Venus is potentially losing its Atmosphere at a rate related to overall gravity well determinations and the Atmospheric density is due to loss of a planetary 'magnetic dipole' and relationship is made to the notice of which 'Planets' in this Solar System present 'Earth-like Dipoles' the CONTINUANCE of 'life as we know it' is NOT in any study of a supposed 'greenhouse effect' or even other Planets and their Atmospheres.
**The study needed to protect 'life as we know it' in it's persistence is in the study of the Planetary Dipole, the PRODUCTION of that Dipole in both it's processes, production AND continuance, NOT in any atmospheric study involving a supposed 'greenhouse effect'.**
--
This I have extended to again have discussion with notice (then again) from http://www.srl.caltech.edu/personnel/dick/cos_encyc.html (all due notice & credit to the author):-
--_--
[" In addition, observations of high energy (10 MeV - 1000 MeV) gamma rays resulting from cosmic ray collisions with interstellar gas show that most cosmic rays are confined to the disk of the Galaxy, presumably by its magnetic field..."]
[..."The Sun is also a sporadic source of cosmic ray nuclei and electrons...such occurrences the intensity of energetic particles in space can increase by a factor of 102 to 106 for hours to days...event is typically 10 to 100 MeV, occasionally reaching 1 GeV (roughly once a year) to 10 GeV (roughly once a decade)..."]
--_--
So if not so deflected by the unusually STRONG Dipole of the Planet Earth, & as the Atmosphere of Planet Earth is transparent near totally to such Radiation (Gamma-Ray, X-Ray & UV sub Spectrum Photons) as would be produced, Surface Life as it is observed would be far different than it is NOW with such potential IRRADIATION events possible yearly & minimally at every decade.
NOTICE that the irradiation event will be produced BY this Planets "own" atmosphere.
Notice that variation in the Planetary Dipole will NOT necessarily be of a "humanistic time frame" but could be PRODUCED within such.
Notice that such Radiation that would be produced WILL produce a higher Induction Rate of Kinetic Energy within the Materials presented upon the Planetary Surface.
The NON-UNIFORM production of this Kinetic Induction (measured as an increase in the Temperature of the Surface), being due to the variation in the Materials of the Surface (~70% being Water), WILL increase (System) Turbulence.
It is the physical expressions of Turbulence that is observed as WEATHER.
The PERSISTENCE of such Dipole variation would be perhaps most likely within a GEOLOGICAL time frame however. To example the potential of the possible situation, the Dipole variation onset might be noticed over a few decades with then a new & maintained "position" then held for hundreds of thousands of years before any "reversion of state" occurred.
PS:-
I would not be surprised if the initial impetus of the "greenhouse platform" was garnered by mis-presenting {Atmospheric sourced irradiation events} as being phrased as {Atmospheric sourced IRradiation events}...it is to the point NOW of near criminal fraud & certainly academic fraud being noticed in the rhetorical output of the present "greenhouse science" presentations...
Yours,
Peter K. Anderson a.k.a. Hartlod(TM)
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